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CytoChip Array CGH - Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis

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CytoChip Array CGH - Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis. Medicine. Molecular biology. 
 
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CytoChip Array CGH - Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis
>>Note: ArrayCGH is a powerful new technology which has the potential to dramatically improve the detection of genomic imbalances and the disorders they cause. By enabling investigation of the genetic basis of disease automatically and at a much higher resolution than has previously been possible, arrayCGH will transform genetics.
  What is Array CGH?
 >>Note: Array comparative genomic hybridization (CMA, Chromosomal Microarray Analyisis, Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, array CGH, a-CGH, aCGH) detects chromosome copy number changes at a higher resolution level than conventional chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). DNA from a tumor sample and normal reference sample are labelled differentially, using different fluorophores, and hybridized to several thousand probes. The probes are derived from most of the known genes and non-coding regions of the genome, printed on a glass slide. The ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the tumor to that of the reference DNA is then calculated, to measure the copy number changes for a particular location in the genome. This method allows to identify new recurrent chromosome changes such as microdeletions and amplifications in disease conditions such as cancer and birth defects due to chromosome microdeletions.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_comparative_genomic_hybridization]
  BlueGnome Array CGH Technology
 >>Note: Production and hybridization of BAC microarrays. BlueGnome has developed a unique process for the printing of BAC microarrays which delivers substantial improvements to the morphology and consistency of spots. Combined with carefully optimized protocols for hybridization, BlueGnome microarrays deliver profiles with less background noise and clearer delineation of significant copy number changes.Models and software. BlueGnome has developed unique Bayesian statistical models which automate and improve the extraction of high quality information from arrayCGH experiments, allowing researchers to focus on interpretation of results. Around these models, BlueGnome has built advanced software for visualization and reporting, delivering information to geneticists and cytogeneticsts in the right format.
  CytoChip Array CGH platform
 >>Note: BlueGnome is a leading provider of complete solutions for implementation of arrayCGH for investigation of constitutional samples. The CytoChip platform includes high quality research use only microarrays (CytoChips), state-of-the-art software for automated analysis and reporting (BlueFuse for Microarrays), quality controlled consumable kits (Fluorescent Labelling Kit) for robust use, and confirmatory FISH probes (BlueFISH Confirmatory Probes).
  CytoChips - BAC microarrays
 >>Note: CytoChips are BAC microarrays, designed to improve detection of copy number variation associated with constitutional genetic disorders. Released in July 2007, CytoChip v2 investigate sub-telomeres at a median 250Kb resolution, reliably detect mosaicism and examine 90 known genetic conditions at a median 100Kb resolution. Screen the entire genome at a median 565Kb, a resolution optimised to detect pathogenic variants while minimizing polymorphisms (1). CytoChips are manufactured with clones from the widely validated Roswell Park Cancer Institute BAC library ensuring full ‘RP’ nomenclature is available for all results. Two hybridization areas on each CytoChip offer the choice of dye swap designs or two samples per array dependent upon volumes, costs and sample quality. (1) Richard Redon et al. Nature 444 (7118), 444-54 (23 Nov 2006).
  BlueGnome Fluorescent Labelling Kits
 >>Note: BlueGnome Fluorescent Labelling Kits are designed for CytoChip arrayCGH protocol for labelling and hybridization. Kits include Cy3 and Cy5 dyes and all necessary buffers.
  BlueFuse for Microarrays
 >>Note: BlueFuse is a complete solution for the integrated analysis of arrayCGH experiments. Large numbers of microarray images are easily managed in batches and processed fully automatically with a single click. BlueFuse's advanced statistical modelling technology is used to separate signal from noise and deliver accurate and reproducible results. The estimation of copy number change is improved, increasing the dynamic range of the experiment and the amount of useful information extracted from each array. Grid alignment and signal estimation are followed by normalization to remove bias and exclusion rules to ensure that only reliable results are returned. Replicates are combined and regions of chromosomal abnormality are identified, visualized, and reported with a click of a button.
  BlueFISH Confirmatory Probes
 >>Note: The BlueGnome CytoChip uses arrayCGH to perform a genome wide screen for regions of genomic copy number variation (CNVs) associated with constitutional genetic disorders. In order to verify the physical location of CNVs and confirm whether they are de novo or inherited it is usual that all CNVs with a suspected phenotypic association be validated using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). To enable rapid FISH-validation of CNVs all the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones on the CytoChip are available as BlueFISH probes, a comprehensive library of 4400 high quality, pre-labelled, FISH probes spanning the entire genome. By using the same BAC clones that are used in the production of the CytoChip BlueFISH probes ensure consistency between the array result and the FISH confirmation. BlueFISH probes cover the entire genome with increased tiling on regions of disease interest. Easier interpretation Direct labelling and simple protocols deliver high signal and low background for rapid, sensitive and specific confirmation of CNVs in both metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei.
  BlueGnome (UK)
 >>Note: BlueGnome was founded in 2001 by engineers and mathematicians from the University of Cambridge who observed that the analysis of data generated by high throughput experimental platforms, such as microarrays and NMR, could be fundamentally improved by the application of more advanced statistical methods.In collaboration with research, clinical and commercial laboratories BlueGnome has developed a complementary suite of software solutions and data analysis services to enable higher quality information to be extracted from microarrays, NMR and mass spectrometry data.More recently, BlueGnome has extended its product range to include microarrays for use in arrayCGH experiments and other applications. By pairing microarrays with its software, BlueGnome is able to provide an integrated and automated solution for extracting the highest quality information from arrayCGH experiments. [http://www.cambridgebluegnome.com/overview.htm]