| Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology |
| | Background for understanding |
| | The Electromagnetic Radiation Field |
| | Spectral Class, Luminosity Class, and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram |
| | Structure and Evolution of Stars |
| | The Milky Way as a Galaxy |
| | Homogeneous Isotropic World Models |
| | Inhomogeneities in the Universe |
| | The Cosmological Parameters |
| | Clusters and Groups of Galaxies |
| | The Universe at High Redshift |
| | Introduction and Overview |
| | Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology |
| | Composition of Elliptical Galaxies |
| | Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies |
| | Indicators of a Complex Evolution |
| | Extragalactic Distance Determination |
| | Secondary Distance Indicators |
| | Chemical Evolution of Galaxies |
| | Galaxies as Gravitational Lenses |
| | The Gravitational Lensing Effect |
| | Examples for Gravitational Lenses |
| | Applications of the Lens Effect |
| | Trends in the Sequence of Spirals |
| | Rotation Curves and Dark Matter |
| | Stellar Populations and Gas Fraction |
| | Luminosity Function of Galaxies |
| | The Schechter Luminosity Function |
| | The Bimodal Color Distribution of Galaxies |
| | The Tully-Fisher Relation |
| | The Faber-Jackson Relation |
| | Black Holes in the Centers of Galaxies |
| | The Search for Supermassive Black Holes |
| | Examples for SMBHs in Galaxies |
| | Correlation Between SMBH Mass and Galaxy Properties |
| | Evolutionary Tracks in the HRD; Integrated Spectrum |
| | Star Formation History and Galaxy Colors |
| | Metallicity, Dust, and HII Regions |
| | Morphological Classification: The Hubble Sequence |
| | The Milky Way as a Galaxy |
| | Where is the Galactic Center? |
| | A Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way |
| | Flares from the Galactic Center |
| | The Proper Motion of Sgr A* |
| | Hypervelocity Stars in the Galaxy |
| | The Structure of the Galaxy |
| | The Galactic Disk: Distribution of Stars |
| | The Galactic Disk: Chemical Composition and Age |
| | The Galactic Disk: Dust and Gas |
| | The Distance to the Galactic Center |
| | Determination of the Velocity of the Sun |
| | The Rotation Curve of the Galaxy |
| | The Galactic Microlensing Effect: The Quest for Compact Dark Matter |
| | The Gravitational Lensing Effect I |
| | Galactic Microlensing Effect |
| | Variations and Extensions |
| | Determination of Distances Within Our Galaxy |
| | Photometric Distance; Extinction and Reddening |
| | Distances of Visual Binary Stars |
| | Distances of Pulsating Stars |
| | The Central Engine: A Black Hole |
| | Further Arguments for SMBHs |
| | A First Mass Estimate for the SMBH: The Eddington Luminosity |
| | The IR, Optical, and UV Continuum |
| | The Black Hole Mass in AGNs |
| | The Luminosity Function of Quasars |
| | Jets at Higher Frequencies |
| | Optically Violently Variables |
| | The Universe at High Redshift |
| | Galaxies at High Redshift |
| | Lyman-Break Galaxies (LBGs) |
| | Extremely Red Objects (EROs) |
| | >>Note: A View Through Thick Dust |
| | Damped Lyman-Alpha Systems |
| | Background Radiation at Smaller Wavelengths |
| | Reionization of the Universe |
| | The Cosmic Star-Formation History |
| | Indicators of Star Formation |
| | Redshift Dependence of the Star Formation: The Madau Diagram |
| | Galaxy Formation and Evolution |
| | Expectations from Structure Formation |
| | Formation of Elliptical Galaxies |
| | Clusters and Groups of Galaxies |
| | Galaxies in Clusters and Groups |
| | Luminosity Function of Cluster Galaxies |
| | Morphological Classification of Clusters |
| | Spatial Distribution of Galaxies |
| | Dynamical Mass of Clusters |
| | Additional Remarks on Cluster Dynamics |
| | Intergalactic Stars in Clusters of Galaxies |
| | The Morphology-Density Relation |
| | Clusters of Galaxies as Gravitational Lenses |
| | The Weak Gravitational Lens Effect |
| | Scaling Relations for Clusters of Galaxies |
| | Near-Infrared Luminosity as Mass Indicator |
| | Mass-Velocity Dispersion Relation |
| | Mass-Temperature Relation |
| | Other Components of the Local Group |
| | X-Ray Radiation from Clusters of Galaxies |
| | General Properties of the X-Ray Radiation |
| | Models of the X-Ray Emission |
| | The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect |
| | X-Ray Catalogs of Clusters |
| | Homogeneous Isotropic World Models |
| | Introduction and Fundamental Observations |
| | Fundamental Cosmological Observations |
| | Kinematics of the Universe |
| | Dynamics of the Expansion |
| | Modifications due to General Relativity |
| | The Components of Matter in the Universe |
| | "Derivation" of the Expansion Equation |
| | Discussion of the Expansion Equations |
| | Consequences of the Friedmann Expansion |
| | The Necessity of a Big Bang |
| | Special Case: The Einstein-de Sitter Model |
| | Thermal History of the Universe |
| | Expansion in the Radiation-Dominated Phase |
| | Primordial Nucleosynthesis |
| | Achievements and Problems of the Standard Model |
| | Problems of the Standard Model |
| | Extension of the Standard Model: Inflation |
| | The Cosmological Parameters |
| | Redshift Surveys of Galaxies |
| | Determination of the Power Spectrum |
| | Effect of Peculiar Velocities |
| | Angular Correlations of Galaxies |
| | Cosmic Peculiar Velocities |
| | Cosmological Parameters from Clusters of Galaxies |
| | The LSS of Clusters of Galaxies |
| | High-Redshift Supernovae and the Cosmological Constant |
| | Are SN Ia Standard Candles? |
| | Observing SNe Ia at High Redshifts |
| | Origin of the Lyman-á Forest |
| | The Homogeneous Intergalactic Medium |
| | Phenomenology of the Lyman-á Forest |
| | Models of the Lyman-á Forest |
| | The Lyá Forest as Cosmological Tool |
| | Angular Fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background |
| | Origin of the Anisotropy: Overview |
| | Description of the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy |
| | Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy |
| | WMAP: Precision Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy |
| | Cosmological Parameters with WMAP |
| | Inhomogeneities in the Universe |
| | Evolution of Density Fluctuations |
| | The Initial Power Spectrum |
| | Growth of Density Perturbations |
| | Gravitational Instability |
| | Linear Perturbation Theory |
| | Description of Density Fluctuations |
| | Non-Linear Structure Evolution |
| | Model of Spherical Collapse |
| | Number Density of Dark Matter Halos |
| | Numerical Simulations of Structure Formation |
| | Profile of DarkMatter Halos |
| | Origin of the Density Fluctuations |
| | The Electromagnetic Radiation Field |
| | Parameters of the Radiation Field |
| | Introduction and Overview Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology |
| | The Tools of Extragalactic Astronomy |
| | World Models and the Thermal History of the Universe |
| | The Hubble Expansion of the Universe |
| | Active Galaxies and Starburst Galaxies |
| | Voids, Clusters of Galaxies, and Dark Matter |
| | Our Milky Way as a Galaxy |
| | Cosmology as a Triumph of the Human Mind |
| | Structure Formation and Galaxy Evolution |
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