>>Note: Radiation Materials Science teaches readers the fundamentals of the effects of radiation on metals and alloys. When energetic particles strike a solid, numerous processes occur that can change the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Metals and alloys represent an important class of materials that, by virtue of their use in nuclear reactor cores, are subject to intense radiation fields. Radiation causes metals and alloys to swell, distort, blister, harden, soften and deform. This textbook and reference covers the basics of particle-atom interaction for a range of particle types, the amount and spatial extent of the resulting radiation damage, the physical effects of irradiation and the changes in mechanical behavior of irradiated metals and alloys. Concepts are developed systematically and quantitatively, supported by examples, references for further reading and problems at the end of each chapter. Beyond addressing students enrolling for a materials sciences or nuclear engineering degree, the book will benefit professionals in laboratories, reactor manufacturers and specialists working in the utility industry |
| Mechanical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Irradiated Metals and Alloys |
| Irradiation Hardening and Deformation |
| Fracture and Embrittlement |
| Irradiation Creep and Growth |
| The Displacement of Atoms |
| The Radiation Damage Event |
| Physical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Radiation-Induced Segregation |
| Dislocation Microstructure |
| Irradiation-Induced Voids and Bubbles |
| Phase Stability Under Irradiation |
| Unique Effects of Ion Irradiation |
| Mechanical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Irradiation Hardening and Deformation |
| Deformation in Irradiated Metals |
| Elastic and Plastic Deformation |
| Fracture and Embrittlement |
| Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Irradiated Metals and Alloys |
| Irradiation Creep and Growth |
| Irradiation Growth and Creep in Zirconium Alloys |
| Microstructure of Irradiated Zirconium Alloys |
| The Radiation Damage Event |
| Interactions Between Ions andAtoms |
| Neutron-Nucleus Interactions |
| The Displacement of Atoms |
| The Displacement Cross Section |
| Elementary Displacement Theory |
| Displacements from Charged Particle Irradiation |
| Behavior of Defects within the Cascade |
| Stages of Cascade Development |
| Displacement Mean Free Path |
| Point Defect Formation and Diffusion |
| Radiation-Enhanced and Diffusion Defect Reaction Rate Theory |
| Physical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Radiation-Induced Segregation |
| Dislocation Microstructure |
| Irradiation-Induced Voids and Bubbles |
| Phase Stability Under Irradiation |
| Unique Effects of Ion Irradiation |
| Simulation of Neutron Irradiation Effects with Ions |
| Motivation for Using Ion Irradiation as a Surrogate for Neutron Irradiation |
| Review of Aspects of Radiation Damage Relevant to Ion Irradiation |
| Particle Type Dependence of RIS |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of the Various Particle Types |
| Irradiation Parameters for Particle Irradiations |
| Emulation of Neutron Irradiation Damage with Proton Irradiation |
| Dislocation Microstructure |
| Description of a Dislocation |
| Displacements, Strains and Stresses |
| Line Tension of a Dislocation |
| Interactions Between Dislocations |
| Evolution of the Interstitial Loop Microstructure |
| Faulted Loops and Stacking Fault Tetrahedra |
| Fraction of Defects Forming Clusters |
| Effective Defect Production |
| Nucleation and Growth of Dislocation Loops |
| Production Bias-Driven Cluster Nucleation |
| Physical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Irradiation-Induced Voids and Bubbles |
| Equilibrium Void Size Distribution |
| Void Nucleation with Production Bias |
| Defect Absorption Rates and Concentrations at Sink Surfaces |
| Role of Dislocations as Biased Sinks |
| Irradiation Variable Shifts |
| Effect of Production Bias |
| 0 Effect of Microstructure and Composition |
| Effect of Reactor Operating History |
| Bubble Growth by Dislocation Loop Punching |
| Physical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Phase Stability Under Irradiation |
| Radiation-Induced Segregation and Radiation-Induced Precipitation |
| Incoherent Precipitate Nucleation |
| Coherent Precipitate Nucleation |
| Order-Disorder Transformations |
| Crystal Structure Transformations |
| Heat of Compound Formation and Crystal StructureDifferences |
| Solubility Range of Compounds and Critical Defect Density |
| Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Amorphization |
| Phase Stability in Reactor Core Component Alloys |
| Physical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Unique Effects of Ion Irradiation |
| Ion Irradiation Techniques |
| Cascade (Isotropic, Displacement) Mixing |
| Combination of Processes Affecting Surface Compositional Changes |
| Implant Re-DistributionDuring Ion Implantation |
| Other Effects of Ion Implantation |
| DislocationMicrostructure |
| High Dose Gas Loading: Blistering and Exfoilation |
| Solid Phases and Inert Gas Bubble Lattices |
| Physical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Radiation-Induced Segregation |
| Radiation-Induced Segregation in Concentrated Binary Alloys |
| Solution to the Coupled Partial Differential Equations |
| Effect of Local Composition Changes on RIS |
| Examples of RIS in Austenitic Alloys |
| Physical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| The Radiation Damage Event |
| Neutron-Nucleus Interactions |
| Interactions Between Ions andAtoms |
| Radiation-Enhanced and Diffusion Defect Reaction Rate Theory |
| Point Defect Balance Equations |
| Cases with Low Temperature |
| Intermediate Sink Density |
| Properties of the Point Defect Balance Equations |
| Deficiencies of the Simple Point Defect Balance Model |
| Radiation-EnhancedDiffusion |
| Reaction Rate-Controlled Processes |
| Defect-Dislocation Interaction |
| Diffusion-Limited Reactions |
| Defect-Dislocation Reactions |
| Defect-Grain Boundary Reactions |
| Coherent Precipitates and Solutes |
| Point Defect Formation and Diffusion |
| Properties of Irradiation-Induced Defects |
| Interstitial-Impurity Complexes |
| Solute-Defect and Impurity-DefectClusters |
| Thermodynamics of Point Defect Formation |
| Diffusion of Point Defects |
| Macroscopic Description ofDiffusion |
| MicroscopicDescription of Diffusion |
| Diffusion in Multicomponent Systems |
| Diffusion alongHigh Diffusivity Paths |
| Displacement Mean Free Path |
| Cascade Damage Energy and Cascade Volume |
| Computer Simulations of RadiationDamage |
| Binary Collision Approximation (BCA) Method |
| MolecularDynamics (MD)Method |
| KineticMonte Carlo (KMC)Method |
| Stages of Cascade Development |
| Behavior of Defects within the Cascade |
| The Displacement of Atoms |
| Elementary Displacement Theory |
| The Kinchin and Pease Model for Atom Displacements |
| The Electron Energy Loss Limit |
| Modifications to the K-P Displacement Model |
| Consideration of Ed in the Energy Balance |
| Realistic Energy Transfer Cross Sections |
| Energy Loss by Electronic Excitation |
| The Displacement Cross Section |
| (n, 2n) and (n, g) Displacements |
| Modifications to the K-P Model and Total Displacement Cross Section |
| Correlation of Property Changes and Irradiation Dose |
| Displacements from Charged Particle Irradiation |
| Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Irradiated Metals and Alloys |
| Stress Corrosion Cracking |
| Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation |
| Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking |
| PredictiveModel for Crack Propagation |
| Mechanical FractureModels |
| Effects of Irradiation on Water Chemistry |
| Radiolysis and its Effect on Corrosion Potential |
| Effect of Corrosion Potential on IASCC |
| Service and Laboratory Observations of Irradiation Effects on SCC |
| Grain Boundary Chromium Depletion |
| Selective InternalOxidation |
| Irradiation-Induced Creep |
| Mechanical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Irradiation Hardening and Deformation |
| Elastic and Plastic Deformation |
| Superposition of Hardening Mechanisms |
| Hardening in Polycrystals |
| Saturation of Irradiation Hardening |
| Comparison ofMeasured and PredictedHardening |
| RadiationAnneal Hardening |
| The Correlation Between Hardness and Yield Strength |
| Deformation in Irradiated Metals |
| Mechanical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Fracture and Embrittlement |
| The Cohesive Strength ofMetals |
| Elastic-Plastic FractureMechanics |
| Irradiation-Induced Embrittlement in Ferritic Steels |
| Notched Bar Impact Testing |
| DBTT and Reduction in the Upper Shelf Energy |
| Factors Affecting the Degree of Embrittlement |
| Embrittlement of Ferritic-Martensitic Steels |
| Annealing and Re-Irradiation |
| Fracture and Fatigue of Austenitic Alloys at Low to Intermediate Temperatures |
| Effect of Irradiation on Fracture Toughness |
| Effect of Irradiation on Fatigue |
| High-Temperature Embrittlement |
| Grain Boundary Voids and Bubbles |
| Grain Boundary Crack Growth |
| Mechanical Effects of Radiation Damage |
| Irradiation Creep and Growth |
| Stress-Induced Preferential Nucleation of Loops (SIPN) |
| Stress-Induced Preferential Absorption (SIPA) |
| Climb and Glide due to Preferential Absorption (PAG) |
| Climb and Glide Driven by Dislocation Bias |
| Diffusional Creep: Why There is no Effect of Irradiation |
| Comparison of Theorywith Creep Data |
| 0 Irradiation-Modified DeformationMechanism Map |
| Irradiation Growth and Creep in Zirconium Alloys |
| Microstructure of Irradiated Zirconium Alloys |
| Mechanical Effects of Radiation Damage |
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